A Wonder of Science - Working With Samples and Loops

B. Thomas Cooper - Editor

Sound and Recording - blogment -
National News wire - The Infinite Echo

A Wonder of Science, indeed. Here is an interesting anecdote on the subject of home studio recording. A few years back, when I was first learning to utilize the various audio software products available, I was experimenting with creating loops from commonly available samples, and soon found myself caught up in the moment.



I had begun by looping a simple guitar riff, added a bass line and some percussion samples, and before I could catch my breath, I had dialed in a dynamic microphone, and was recording thick layers of vocal overdubs. At the time, I was still under the impression I was only testing the new software, but soon hooks and melodies began to develop. The song was writing itself. I was on a roll. Such is the peril of the creative process.

I quickly lost count of the endless cups of coffee I was consuming, at an ever more rapid rate, I might add. As the evening progressed, I soon found myself returning to the original samples, creating what would become the verse and pre-chorus sections of the song. Again the lyrics and melody came quickly, and with little of the usual self loathing or trepidation.

Before the session could draw to a close, I realized I had written an entire song, starting at the end of the song, and finishing with the bridge section. The irony was in the working title, which wound up being the actual title, and the theme of the song as well, The song, A Wonder of Science, is about advancements in technology, and how they effect our culture.

You know, I still listen to the song with a bit of amazement myself, having written countless songs, but certainly none in the manner in which I composed Wonder of Science. In all, I believe I recorded somewhere in the neighborhood of forty-six vocal overdubs for A Wonder of Science. It was quite an experience.

In fact, I later recorded a video for 'Wonder of Science, which is, of course, available on YouTube, MySpace, Spike, etc. Staying true to the original theme of the song, I also handled all of the camera work and video editing chores for the project. If you should feel so inclined, please take a few minutes and go check it out some time. It was a unique project, with an interesting outcome. The project successfully demonstrates what even a beginner can do with some of the new, reasonably priced digital software. Yes, I know; I don't really qualify as a beginner, but you get my point. A Wonder of Science, indeed!

B. Thomas Cooper - Editor

Sound and Recording - Sound Foundation - National Newswire - The Infinite Echo - Impeachment Now! - Skate the Razor -
Skate the Razor Blog - blogment

More Tips For Recording Vocals

B. Thomas Cooper - Editor

Sound and Recording - blogment -
National News wire - The Infinite Echo

When it comes to recording vocals, misconceptions abound. So many wonderful singers, so little dependable information. We are all instantly capable of recognizing a strong vocal performance, but what goes into capturing that performance usually isn't so obvious.

It all starts with a good singer and a good song. From there, choose a reliable microphone. Many engineers prefer using large diaphragm condenser microphones, but I have no preference. After thirty years of intensive studio experience I have learned to rely on the vocalist, not the microphone. While working as a staff producer at the world famous Power Station Studios, I had at my disposal, nearly every mic imaginable. One quickly learns that not every vocal should be captured with an expensive ribbon mic. Think hard about what it is you're trying to accomplish. Feel free to experiment.



Remember, good microphone technique and proper singing habits will profoundly effect your vocal performance. A mic can only capture what you produce. Once the performance has been captured, it can be enhanced through various means, including reverb, compression, etc. but all the reverb in the world will not drown out a bad performance.

Singers tend to be a finicky lot, a fact I can personally attest to. Still, no two vocalists are alike. Do whatever it takes to make the singer comfortable and confident. A good headphone mix is crucial. If you can't hear what your doing, you stand little chance of doing it well. I can honestly say the Power Station had the best headphone systems I have ever experienced. It is little wonder to me why the studio produced so many hit records.

From here, things get somewhat slippery. A producer like Terry Date will not approach a vocal for the Deftones in the same manner Jim Steinman might approach a Meat Loaf recording. Even at the highest levels of the industry, approach can be radically different.



Unless all indications suggest to the contrary, go with the flow. In other words, don't rock the boat. Learn all you can about recording, and keep an open mind. A vocal track can make or break an otherwise average recording. It is our goal to recognize the difference.

B. Thomas Cooper - Editor

Sound and Recording - Sound Foundation - National Newswire - The Infinite Echo - Impeachment Now! - Skate the Razor -
Skate the Razor Blog - blogment

Tips For Recording Vocals

Sound and Recording
B. Thomas Cooper
Editor

When it comes to recording vocals, misconceptions abound. So many talented singers, so little dependable information. We are all instantly capable of recognizing a strong vocal performance, but what goes into capturing that performance usually isn't so obvious.



It all starts with a good singer and a good song. From there, choose a reliable microphone. Many engineers prefer using large diaphragm condenser microphones, but I have no preference. After thirty years of intensive studio experience I have learned to rely on the vocalist, not the microphone. While working as a staff producer at the world famous Power Station Studios, I had at my disposal nearly every quality microphone imaginable. One quickly learns not every vocal should be captured with an expensive condenser or ribbon mic. Think hard about what it is you're trying to accomplish. Feel free to experiment.

Remember, good microphone technique and proper singing habits will profoundly effect your vocal performance. A microphone can only capture what you produce. Once the performance has been captured, it can be enhanced through various means, including reverb, compression, etc. but all the reverb in the world will not drown out a bad performance.

Singers tend to be a finicky lot, a fact I can personally attest to. Still, no two vocalists are alike. Do whatever it takes to make the singer comfortable and confident. A good headphone mix is crucial. If you can't hear what your doing, you stand little chance of doing it well. I can honestly say the Power Station had the best headphone systems I have ever experienced. It is little wonder to me why the studio produced so many hit records.

From here, things get somewhat slippery. A producer like Terry Date will not approach a vocal for the Deftones in the same manner Jim Steinman might approach a Meat Loaf recording. Even at the highest levels of the industry, approach can be radically different.




Depending on the vocalist, an engineer may determine it necessary to use a ‘pop screen’ or ‘wind screen’. The purpose of this device is to soften the ‘sibilance’ or hissing noises associated with singing. It might also prevent you from spitting into an expensive microphone. The distance one should sing from the microphone depends on a number of variables. Again, think it through, and don’t be afraid to experiment.

Unless all indications suggest to the contrary, go with the flow. In other words, don't rock the boat. Become a part of the process. Learn all you can about recording, and keep an open mind. A strong vocal track can make or break an otherwise average recording. It is our goal to recognize the difference.

Recording Acoustic Guitar, Pt. One Revisited

Sound and Recording
B. Thomas Cooper
Editor

Who says recording an acoustic guitar is difficult?

Oh contraire, my friends. Recording an acoustic guitar is no harder than recording any other acoustic stringed instrument. Oh sure, some simple sonic rules apply, but certainly nothing worth getting high strung about.



I’ll begin by addressing a few of the common misconceptions. Most microphones are designed with a general recording purpose in mind, but there are few hard and fast rules that apply to recording. Although a particular mic may seem appropriate for the setting, there are few guarantees. No two acoustic guitars sound alike, no two rooms sound alike, and no two players play alike. Each recording presents a different set of variables.

Some folks believe a good acoustic guitar sound can only be accomplished by placing the microphone inside the sound-hole of the acoustic. My advise is to forget such nonsense, as it falls dangerously far from the truth, and almost always results in a very poor recording. Even a high quality contact condenser mic mounted inside the instrument produces a compromised result and is generally not used for serious recording. You don’t stick your ears in the sound hole when you listen to an acoustic guitar do you? I certainly don’t.

Indeed, microphone placement is key to recording any acoustic instrument, but it need not be difficult. An acoustic guitar has wonderful ambient and dynamic qualities, often overlooked or misunderstood. Try backing the mic away from the guitar a few inches, pointing the diaphragm toward the sound-hole. Relax, and let the instrument breathe. Changing the axis alignment of the mic, even ever so slightly, can produce startling results. Most importantly, listen for the subtle changes, and learn what is meant by ‘critical listening’. Don’t settle for the first sound you dial in. Take your time, and by all means, enjoy the process.

Microphone Placement for Recording Amplified Guitar

Sound and Recording
B. Thomas Cooper
Editor

I recently spent a couple of very short hours advising some rather talented friends of mine on the fine art of properly ‘micing’ a guitar cabinet for recording. Over the course of the evening it occurred to me even the finest seasoned musicians can use a refresher course on common sense every now and then. Myself included.



Fortunately, this group of guys tend to be sensible by nature, a rare commodity for musicians as a whole. Our goal was to record ‘scratch tracks’ of the lead guitar lines for two tunes, and ‘keeper tracks’ for a third. We were recording in Sonar Studio Pro, I believe, an inexpensive, but highly recommended digital recording software.

Scott, the guitarist for the project attended the ‘old school’ of ‘big rock‘, if you catch my drift. We’re talking the classic, early sixties Gibson SG through a Marshall half stack. Of course, the Marshall ‘four twelve’ cabinet needs to be kicked pretty hard, just to get the old girl to bark. (translation: the amplifier needs to go to eleven) This is where our story really begins.



We are set up in a living room, with the computer and various interfaces off to one corner. The Marshall amplifier has been rolled into an adjoining bedroom. The occupant of room, along with his pet Salamander, have been given the boot.

We set the cabinet in the bedroom pointing the speakers toward the right side of the corner, across the length of the bed. We are careful not to point the cabinet directly at the wall, or directly into the corner, as both may produce unwanted response. Sound travels much like water. A pebble in still water will create even concentric ripples, whereas a larger stone is apt to make quite a splash.



At higher decibels, sound also tends to make quite a splash. Especially so, in cramped quarters. One of our greatest concerns will be avoiding the afore mentioned, and truly dreaded ‘square wave’.

The cabinet is about three feet from the edge of the mattress, at perhaps a forty degree angle. It is obvious the old Marshall tube amp will not produce the desired tone at a lower volume, so we don’t even drive down that alley.
Instead we concentrate on controlling the physical properties of sound.

A small collection of throw pillows are arranged on the edge of the mattress to create very subtle baffling. I don’t throw a blanket, or any other object around the cabinet. It normally isn’t necessary.

Next comes the actual ‘micing’ technique. ‘Micing’ is the term used to describe the process of microphone placement. More often than not, microphone placement is a forgotten art form. It is a process often neglected, or simply misunderstood.

There are no hard and fast rules. Use your imagination. That having been said, let’s discuss our situation before progressing any further. Simple guitar tracks, right? Perhaps.

One microphone, or two please? Would you like your sound dry and boxy, or would you prefer a tad of ambience? In other words, do we place the microphone close to the speakers, or far away. How close, or how far away, and why? Does the type of microphone make a difference?

For this situation, I highly recommend an ordinary, medium priced Dynamic microphone. Nothing fancy, mind you. Here’s my reasoning. The polar pattern of most dynamic stage mics responds most favorably within five to fifteen inches of the sound source. Get much closer, and the mic starts to get a little punchy. Back off too far, and the mic doesn’t reproduce transients. Transients are those are the little things, the stuff of which your sound is made of. We really don’t want to lose them in transmission.

The cabinet we are ‘micing’ contains four standard twelve inch Celestion speakers. Our goal is to place the mic close enough to catch the little things but far enough so as not to do the freak. Here’s a few quick don’ts. Don’t ever drape the mic over the front of the cabinet. Sound doesn’t work that way. Don’t ever put the microphone directly against the grill cloth or speaker.
Don’t ‘mic’ the center of a four twelve cabinet, and don’t point the microphone directly at the center of the speaker. That round looking thing in the center of the speaker, well, that’s a dust cover. It does not reproduce sound. Whenever possible, aim the microphone at an angle parallel to the paper of the speaker cone.

We set the mic about s foot or so from the cabinet, and after a quick listen, we moved the microphone forward perhaps two inches. It was all very simple, and very productive. Very little time was squandered twittering knobs and wiggling stands.

The session was a success on multiple fronts. Scott got to keep his tone, and Jon, the producer, got to keep his sanity. It was a pleasant evening for all. The moral to this story? Think about what you are trying to accomplish, take your time, keep it simple, and by all means, enjoy the process.

Recording Drum Tracks

Sound and Recording
B. Thomas Cooper
Editor



Recording drums and percussion instruments can be tricky at times. Every sound engineer has his own story to tell. Noisy symbols, poorly tuned drum heads, questionable room acoustics etc. All can contribute to the chaos, a kind of sonic dysentery. We can't actually cure the disease, but we can treat the symptoms.

The underlying problem can be attributed to those pesky transients. No, not the ones under the overpass. Transients are those sounds that come out of nowhere, like the crack of a snare drum, a sudden burst of signal, or the grinding smash of a distorted guitar or a crash symbol. Drum related transients often tend to be especially problematic. So where do we begin?

For starters, new drumheads and a decent pair of drumsticks seems obvious, but never overestimate a musicians common sense. Invest in your craft. You are only as good as your tools. Dampening the drums heads is often necessary, but certainly not mandatory. When recording, capturing a workable signal is tantamount. Learn to strike your drums in a manner conducive with good sound management. Pardon my saying so, but garbage in, garbage out.

Next, let's go over room acoustics, as a bad room adversely effects those afore-mentioned transients, and any listeners within earshot. A live' sounding room, like a garage or a nite-club will be subject to various bounce back' issues, such as unwanted room echo or worse yet, the dreaded square wave'. You can't see it, but it's stalking your studio, even now. The louder you play, the angrier it gets. Acoustic treatments will usually do the job, but each room is different. Sound baffling, bass traps etc. all play an important roll, but ultimately, it's up to you to get it under control.

Finally, we reach the subject of microphone placement and technique. The possibilities are limitless, so I'll cut to the chase. The more microphones you set up, the more sounds you must dial in. Some engineers can successfully mic an entire drum kit with a pair of overhead room mics, but as a rule, I recommend a minimum of at least four, adding a mic for the kick drum, and another for the snare. The overhead microphones can be adjusted to pick up signal from the toms and the symbols. The two produce radically different signal response, so crosstalk and cancellation usually aren't a factor.

Here's something to keep in mind. Most drum isolation booths are far more trouble than they are worth, so don't bother. The drums are the foundation upon which your song is being constructed, so set them babies up in the big room. Let the guitarist set his rig up in the iso' booth, as his tracks may need to be re-recorded later anyway. Today, it's all about the drums.

Keep an open mind and learn all you can about your craft. Leave your ego home, and play what is best for the song. Recording music is really not that hard, but capturing the magic often takes a little time. Just keep banging away, and by all means, enjoy the process.

Tips For Recording the Acoustic Guitar Pt. One

Sound and Recording
B. Thomas Cooper
Editor

Who says recording an acoustic guitar is difficult?
Oh contraire, my friends. Recording an acoustic guitar is no harder than recording any other acoustic stringed instrument. Oh sure, some simple sonic rules apply, but certainly nothing worth getting high strung about.



I’ll begin by addressing a few of the common misconceptions. Most microphones are designed with a general recording purpose in mind, but there are few hard and fast rules that apply to recording. Although a particular mic may seem appropriate for the setting, there are few guarantees. No two acoustic guitars sound alike, no two rooms sound alike, and no two players play alike. Each recording presents a different set of variables.

Some folks believe a good acoustic guitar sound can only be accomplished by placing the microphone inside the sound-hole of the acoustic. My advise is to forget such nonsense, as it falls dangerously far from the truth, and almost always results in a very poor recording. Even a high quality contact condenser mic mounted inside the instrument produces a compromised result and is generally not used for serious recording. You don’t stick your ears in the sound hole when you listen to an acoustic guitar do you? I certainly don’t.

Indeed, microphone placement is key to recording any acoustic instrument, but it need not be difficult. An acoustic guitar has wonderful ambient and dynamic qualities, often overlooked or misunderstood. Try backing the mic away from the guitar a few inches, pointing the diaphragm toward the sound-hole. Relax, and let the instrument breathe. Changing the axis alignment of the mic, even ever so slightly, can produce startling results. Most importantly, listen for the subtle changes, and learn what is meant by ‘critical listening’. Don’t settle for the first sound you dial in. Take your time, and by all means, enjoy the process.

Choosing the Right Microphone

When choosing the right microphone for a particular application, an array of external variables come into play, including room acoustics, microphone placement, frequency response, sound pressure, etc. For this reason, different types of microphones are designed to address different sonic properties.

A microphone works by converting acoustic energy into corresponding electrical voltages, through a process known as transduction. There are various methods by which this process can be accomplished, however, the two most common types of microphones used in recording are the dynamic and the condenser.

With a dynamic microphone, a moving conductor cuts the magnetic field of force to produce electricity, or signal. There are two basic types of dynamic microphones, the ribbon mic, and the more popular, moving coil dynamic, in which a coil of wire is suspended within a magnetic field. Sound-waves strike the diaphragm, causing it to vibrate. This in turn causes the coil to vibrate, generating the desired signal. With a ribbon microphone, a thin strip of metal foil (the ribbon) is suspended within the magnetic field. Again, sound waves cause the ribbon to vibrate within the field, resulting in transduction.

There are dozens of companies who manufacture dependable, reasonably priced studio microphones. So many in fact, it would be nearly impossible to discuss all of them in this article. Therefore I will limit my suggestions to a handful of the more popular microphones
readily available at an affordable price.

Shure Bros. SM-57 & SM-58

Manufactured by Shure Bros. for decades without ever undergoing any notable changes.,
these two dynamic microphones have been the foundation of countless legendary recordings. Every studio, no matter how large or small, should seriously consider keeping a couple of these little workhorses around.

The SM-57 produces a unidirectional pattern, limiting unwanted noise, while capturing a warm, fat response. This mic is great for recording loud guitar amplifiers, horns, vocals, etc. and can usually be purchased new for around $100.00

The Shure SM-58 produces an omni-directional pattern, and is great for lead vocals. I have used this microphone for nearly every imaginable recording at one time or another. When all else fails, the SM-58 can always be depended upon for a clear, even response. Like the SM-57, this mic is also available new for around a hundred dollars, and is worth every dime.


The Electrovoice RE-20, another workhorse of the industry, and found in nearly every major studio in the country. Created especially for critical recording, broadcast and sound re-inforcement, the RE-20 produces a flat but fat response over an unusually wide frequency range. This is the microphone most often associated with radio broadcast (disc Jockeys, etc) and is ideal for applications involving sound pressure in excess of 160 dB.
The RE-20 can be purchased for around $400.00.

I would also recommend the AKG C-414. With five polar patterns, this is indeed a versatile microphone, although some may find it a little pricey, as it usually sells for just under a $1,000.00 This microphone is ideal for vocals, brass and woodwinds, and is often a favorite for film scoring.

Predictably, as you become more familiar with the recording process, you’re microphone collection will grow accordingly. Don’t be afraid to experiment with whatever mics you may have available, as there are no hard and fast rules. Information on the subject is vast and easily obtainable, but nothing beats good old hands on experience. Recording should be fun.
Take your time, and enjoy the experience.

B. Thomas Cooper